Share market ka naam sunte hi kai logon ko lagta hai ki ye ya to jua hai ya sirf amiron ka kaam. Sach ye hai ki samajh ke aur lambe samay ke liye kiya gaya nivesh aam logon ke liye bhi dhan banane ka ek tareeka ho sakta hai. Is post mein hum bilkul shuru se samjhenge: share kya hai, market kaise chalta hai, kharidne-bechne ka tareeka, kharche, risk aur demat account kaise kholein. Saath mein har baat ko tasveer se samjhaya gaya hai.
Share kya hota hai?
Maan lo ek company ko chhote-chhote barabar hisson mein baant diya gaya. Har ek hissa ek share hai. Jab aap ek share kharidte ho, to aap us company ke chhote se maalik (shareholder) ban jate ho. Company ka karobar badhe to share ki keemat badh sakti hai, aur kai companies munafe ka kuch hissa dividend ke roop mein bhi deti hain.
Share market kya hai?
Share market (stock market) ek aisi vyavastha hai jahan companies ke shares kharide aur beche jate hain. Bhaarat mein ye kaam mukhya roop se do stock exchange par hota hai: NSE (National Stock Exchange) aur BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange). Poore bazaar par nazar aur niyam SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) ke haath mein hai, jo nivesh karne walon ki suraksha ke liye niyam banata hai.
NSE
Iska mukhya index Nifty 50 hai, jisme 50 badi companies hoti hain.
BSE
Asia ke sabse purane exchange mein se ek. Iska mukhya index Sensex hai (30 badi companies).
SEBI
Bazaar ka niyamak. Broker, company aur exchange ke niyam wahi tay karta hai.
Primary market aur Secondary market
Share market do hisson mein baanta hota hai. Primary market mein company pehli baar naye shares jaari karti hai (jise IPO kehte hain) aur paisa seedha company ko milta hai. Secondary market mein ye shares ek nivesh karne wale se doosre ke beech exchange par kharide-beche jate hain. Roz ki trading isi secondary market mein hoti hai.
Share kharidna-bechna kaise kaam karta hai?
Aap seedha exchange par shares nahi kharid sakte. Iske liye ek SEBI-registered broker ke zariye order lagana padta hai. Aap broker ki app mein order dalte ho, wo exchange tak pahunchta hai, aur jab koi doosra nivesh karne wala us keemat par bechne ya kharidne ko taiyar hota hai, to sauda ho jata hai. Uske baad paisa aur shares ka len-den clearing corporation ke zariye poora hota hai aur shares aapke demat account mein aa jate hain. Bhaarat mein aam taur par ye settlement agle kaam ke din (T+1) tak ho jata hai.
Demat, Trading aur Bank account: teeno kyun zaroori hain?
Share market mein kaam karne ke liye teen cheezein chahiye. Aam taur par broker ek hi jagah se teeno jod deta hai.
Share market kab khulta hai?
NSE aur BSE par aam taur par somvar se shukravar, subah 9:15 se dopahar 3:30 baje tak trading hoti hai. Shanivar, ravivar aur exchange ki chhuttiyon par bazaar band rehta hai. Subah 9:00 se 9:15 tak pre-open session hota hai. Samay ya chhuttiyon mein badlav ho sakta hai, isliye exchange ki website par ek baar check kar lein.
Bull market aur Bear market
Jab bazaar mein lambe samay tak shares ke bhav badhte hain aur nivesh karne walon ka bharosa majboot hota hai, use Bull market kehte hain. Jab bhav lagataar girte hain aur dar ka mahaul hota hai, use Bear market kehte hain. (Bull apne seenge upar uchhalta hai, bear panja neeche maarta hai, isi se ye naam aaye.)
Share kharidne ke order ke prakar
Market order
Abhi ke bhav par turant kharid ya bikri. Speed milti hai, par bhav thoda upar-neeche ho sakta hai.
Limit order
Aap apni tay keemat batate ho. Bhav us keemat par aaye tabhi sauda hota hai.
Stop-loss order
Nuksan ko seemit karne ke liye. Bhav ek tay keemat tak gire to share apne aap bik jata hai.
Trading ke teen tareeke
| Tareeka | Matlab | Kiske liye |
|---|---|---|
| Delivery (nivesh) | Share kharidkar demat mein rakhna, mahino ya saalon ke liye | Naye aur lambe samay ke nivesh karne wale |
| Intraday | Usi din kharidna aur bech dena | Anubhavi log. Jokhim zyada |
| F&O (Futures & Options) | Contracts mein trading, jisme leverage hota hai | Kaafi anubhavi log. Nuksan badi ho sakta hai |
Naye logon ke liye delivery based nivesh se shuru karna aam taur par samajhdaari mani jati hai. Intraday aur F&O mein kai naye traders ko nuksan hota hai, isliye inme paisa lagane se pehle poori samajh banayein.
Sahi share kaise chunein?
Share chunne ke do mukhya tareeke hain. Fundamental analysis mein company ka karobar, kamayi, karz aur prabandhan dekha jata hai, jo lambe samay ke nivesh ke liye zyada kaam aata hai. Technical analysis mein bhav ke chart aur pattern dekhe jate hain, jo zyadatar short-term trading mein use hota hai.
| Shabd | Matlab |
|---|---|
| EPS | Company ka shuddh munafa, shares ki sankhya se baanta hua (kamayi per share) |
| P/E ratio | Share ka bhav ÷ EPS. Dikhata hai ki aap munafe ke har ₹1 ke liye kitna de rahe ho |
| Market cap | Company ke saare shares ki kul keemat |
| Dividend | Company ke munafe ka wo hissa jo shareholders ko diya jata hai |
| Debt-to-equity | Company par karz aur uski apni poonji ka anupat |
| ROE | Shareholders ke paise par company kitna munafa kama rahi hai |
Large cap, Mid cap aur Small cap
Market cap ke hisaab se companies ko tin hisson mein baanta jata hai. SEBI ke vargikaran mein market cap ke hisaab se top 100 companies large cap, 101 se 250 tak mid cap, aur 251 ke baad small cap hain.
Jokhim kam karne ka tareeka: diversification
Ek hi company ya ek hi sector mein saara paisa lagana jokhim bhara hota hai. Isliye paisa alag-alag sector aur companies mein baantna chahiye, jaise "saare ande ek tokri mein mat rakho".
Share market ki shuruaat aaj hi karein
Nivesh ke liye pehla kadam hai demat account. Apna account kholne ki process abhi shuru karein.
Abhi apna Free Demat Account kholeinShare market mein kharche kya-kya lagte hain?
Har kharid-bikri par kuch charges lagte hain. Inki dar broker aur trade ke prakar ke hisaab se alag hoti hai, isliye account kholne se pehle broker ka charge chart zaroor dekh lein.
- 1Brokerage: broker ki fees jo har trade par lagti hai.
- 2STT (Securities Transaction Tax): sarkar ko diya jane wala tax.
- 3Exchange charges, GST aur stamp duty: exchange aur sarkari kar.
- 4DP charges: demat account se shares bechne par lagne wala shulk.
- 5Account maintenance (AMC): kuch brokers demat account chalane ke liye saalana shulk lete hain.
Munafe par capital gains tax bhi lagta hai (short-term aur long-term ke alag niyam). Dar aur seema samay ke saath badalti hain, isliye tax ke liye CA se confirm karein.
Naye nivesh karne walon ki aam galtiyan
- !"Tip" par bharosa karna. WhatsApp, Telegram ya social media ke tip par bina jaanch ke paisa lagana bada jokhim hai. Dhokhadhadi se bachne ke liye sirf SEBI-registered sources par bharosa karein.
- !Jaldi ameer banne ki soch. Share market dhairya ka khel hai, shortcut ka nahi.
- !Saara paisa ek share mein lagana. Diversification zaroori hai.
- !Karz lekar ya zaroori paisa lagana. Sirf wahi paisa lagayein jiski aapko kuch saal zaroorat nahi.
- !Bina samjhe F&O ya intraday karna. Isme nuksan tezi se ho sakta hai.
Demat account kaise kholein?
- SEBI-registered broker chunein. Charges, app aur service dekh lein.
- Online form bharein. Naam, mobile number, email aur bank details dein.
- KYC poora karein. PAN card, Aadhaar, bank account ki detail, photo aur signature chahiye.
- e-Sign / verification karein. Aadhaar OTP ya video verification se.
- Account activate hone ka intezaar karein. Login details milte hi aap paisa jodkar nivesh shuru kar sakte ho.
Demat account kholne ke liye taiyaar hain?
Kuch hi minute mein process shuru karein.
Abhi apna Free Demat Account kholeinAksar puche jane wale sawal
Share market mein kitne paise se shuruaat kar sakte hain?
Ek share ki keemat kuch rupaye se leke hazaron rupaye tak hoti hai, isliye chhoti rakam se bhi shuruaat ho sakti hai. Zaroori ye hai ki aap sirf wahi paisa lagayein jiska jokhim utha sakein.
Kya share market jua hai?
Nahi. Jua mein sirf kismat hoti hai. Share market mein company ki kamayi, karobar aur samay ka asar hota hai. Par bina jaankari ke trading karna jua jaisa jokhim bhara ho sakta hai.
Kya share market mein paise doob sakte hain?
Haan, share ki keemat gir sakti hai aur nuksan ho sakta hai. Isliye jokhim ko samajhna, diversification aur lambe samay ka nazariya zaroori hai.
Share market aur mutual fund mein kya fark hai?
Share market mein aap khud company chunkar shares kharidte ho. Mutual fund mein fund manager aapke paise ko alag-alag shares ya bonds mein lagata hai. Naye logon ke liye SIP ke zariye mutual fund ek aasan shuruaat ho sakti hai.
Demat account kholne ke liye kya chahiye?
Aam taur par PAN card, Aadhaar, bank account ki detail, photo aur signature chahiye hote hain.
Nishkarsh
Share market ek aisa manch hai jahan aap companies ke maalik ban sakte ho aur lambe samay mein unki badhat ka hissa ban sakte ho. Par ye bina jokhim ke nahi hai. Pehle seekhein, chhoti rakam se shuru karein, paisa alag-alag jagah baantein, aur sabr rakhein. Shuruaat ke liye pehla kadam ek demat account hai.
Disclaimer: Securities market mein nivesh bazaar jokhim ke adheen hota hai. Nivesh karne se pehle sabhi sambandhit dastavez dhyan se padhein. Pichhle pradarshan se bhavishya ke return ki guarantee nahi milti. Ye post sirf shiksha ke liye hai, nivesh salah nahi hai. Kisi bhi nivesh ka faisla apni jaankari aur jokhim kshamata dekhkar, zaroorat ho to SEBI-registered salahkar se salah lekar karein. Charges, tax aur niyam samay ke saath badal sakte hain.
Educational information, not personalised advice. For help choosing a plan, contact Wealth Score.